With the continuous development of the Internet, the form of medical academic communication is becoming more and more flexible and diversified, breaking through the obstacles of time and space. The Symposium on Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-MTB) Infection Diagnosis and Treatment, organized by Chengdu Hi-Tech Medical Association, was held on March 21, 2024 in the form of online communication. Currently, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-MTB) and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RRTB) remain a serious problem for global tuberculosis control. China accounts for about 14% of the world's multidrug-resistant TB patients. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose and complicated to administer. In view of the current situation of the difficulty in diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and in order to promote the academic development of tuberculosis and exchange between disciplines, this symposium on academic exchange on diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-MTB) infections was organized.