关注糖尿病，守护健康
11.14 November, United Nations Diabetes Day
Diabetes mellitus is a multi-etiological metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which is caused by deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or utilization.
Who is at high risk for diabetes?
01 People with a history of pre-diabetes. 6.1mmol/L≤ Fasting blood glucose <7.0mmol/L or 7.8mmol/L≤ glucose load <11.1mmol/L for 2 hours is impaired glucose regulation, also known as pre-diabetes, and belongs to a very high-risk group of diabetes. Many people in this population often do not pay attention to abnormal blood sugar after monitoring, and do not change their bad lifestyle, and then develop diabetes.
02 Age ≥40 years old. Age ≥40 years is one of the risk factors for diabetes. Therefore, it is important to adhere to regular medical examinations, and early screening is crucial.
03 Body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg/m2 and/or central obesity (waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women). BMI can be calculated by dividing your weight (kg) by your height squared (m2); Waist circumference is measured by taking a standing position, with feet naturally spaced shoulder-width apart, breathing steadily, and measuring around the abdomen with a soft ruler at the end of the breath.
04 First-degree relatives with a history of diabetes. First-degree relatives refer to parents, children and siblings. First-degree relatives such as those with diabetes are at high risk.
05 Lack of physical activity. For example: people who do not exercise or work in the office for a long time due to work reasons, sedentary, lack of physical exercise.
06 Women with a history of macrosomia or gestational diabetes. Macrosomia is defined as a newborn weighing 4,000 grams or more within one hour of birth. Such women belong to one of the high-risk groups for diabetes.
07 Women with a history of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age. Most of these people have insulin resistance.
08 Patients with acanthosis nigricans. Acanthosis nigricans is a skin disease characterized by excessive proliferation of pigmented and verrucous cells, and is one of the manifestations of insulin resistance.
09 People receiving antipsychotic or antidepressant medication for a long period of time. Antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine, haloperidol, perphenazine, etc.; Antidepressants such as amitriptyline, fluoxetine, paroxetine, etc.
In addition, people with a history of hypertension or receiving antihypertensive treatment, a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a history of steroid use, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <0.90>2.22 mmol/L, or receiving lipid-regulating drugs were at risk for diabetes. To pay attention to their own blood sugar and other indicators, to professional medical institutions for high-risk diabetes screening, especially diabetes risk score ≥25 points should pay attention to early detection, early prevention, early treatment.
It is necessary to stabilize blood sugar
If the blood glucose management is not up to standard, long-term chronic hyperglycemia will lead to the early occurrence or aggravation of diabetes-related macrovascular
diseases and microvascular diseases, increase the probability of tissue and organ infection, and even occur hyperglycemic crises (ketoacidosis, hyperosmotic pressure syndrome, etc.)
in severe cases. If the blood sugar management is not up to standard, patients may also have hypoglycemia, therefore, diabetic patients should control blood sugar reasonably.
Monitoring blood sugar is exquisite
The time points measured were generally fasting in the morning, 1 hour or 2 hours after breakfast, 1 hour or 2 hours after lunch,
and 1 hour or 2 hours after dinner. A few patients need to monitor blood sugar before meals, before going to bed or even in the early morning.
The specific time to monitor blood sugar at home should follow the doctor's advice.
In addition, some special cases require special attention. For example, patients who use insulin before dinner or even before going to bed,
patients with large blood sugar fluctuations, also need to measure blood sugar before going to bed, usually need to ensure that the blood sugar before going to bed is above 6.0
mmol/L to avoid night hypoglycemia. Patients with diabetes or patients with a long course of diabetes often present with unconscious nighttime hypoglycemia,
which is very harmful and can induce cardiovascular events and even sudden death.
If the patient has repeated fasting hyperglycemia, it is necessary to test the blood sugar at 2 and 3 in the morning, if the hypoglycemia occurs during this time,
it will cause morning reactive hyperglycemia. Once these conditions occur, patients using basal insulin need to reduce the dose;
Patients with oral sulfonylurea secretagogues need to see a doctor in time to adjust the treatment plan.
The operation method should be correct
To monitor blood sugar at home, you should be prepared to measure blood sugar related items, including blood needle, blood glucose meter, blood glucose test paper, alcohol, and cotton swabs. The detailed steps are as follows.
1 Clean hands
Wash and dry your hands.
2 Install test strips
Remove the test paper from the test paper bottle, avoid contact with the blood sucking port of the test paper and the electrode area, and insert the electrical end of the test paper parallel to the test paper interface of the glucose meter.
3 Disinfect the blood collection site
Generally, the sterile cotton swab or sterile cotton ball is dipped in 75% alcohol, and the blood collection point is the center, clockwise disinfection, do not wipe repeatedly.
4 Blood Take
The blood was collected after the sterilized area was completely dry. Choose both sides of the finger abdomen as the blood collection site, avoid acupuncture in the middle of the finger end, because the middle nerve of the finger abdomen is rich, and the pain is obvious.
5 Siphon
Wipe the first drop of blood with a cotton swab, discard the first drop of blood; Absorb the second drop of blood, gently squeeze the finger abdomen, when the second drop of blood naturally flows out, use the blood glucose meter that has been installed, at the blood collection end of the test strip, through the "siphon" effect, inhale the blood above the test paper, avoid the test paper close to the skin, and then put the blood glucose meter flat, waiting for a few seconds after the reading.
6 Stop Bleeding
Use a sterile cotton swab to stop the bleeding and press the blood collection point for about 1 minute.
7 Discard Waste
Discard used test strips, alcohol pads, and cotton swabs into the yellow trash can. It is recommended to discard the blood collection needle in a sealed bottle to avoid injuring others.
