1. Common types

1 Influenza

Caused by influenza virus, mainly with high fever (39℃ ~ 40℃), headache, myalgia and general discomfort, can have chills, chills, accompanied by muscle joint pain, fatigue, appetite loss and other systemic symptoms

2 Novel coronavirus infection

It refers to acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus infection. Fever, fatigue and dry cough were the main manifestations, and a few patients were accompanied by nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat and diarrhea. Mild patients only showed low fever, slight fatigue, and no pneumonia.

Measles 3

Caused by measles virus, symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, eye conjunctival congestion, oral mucosa with measles mucous spots and from behind the ear, hairline, forehead, face, neck spread from the trunk and limbs, palms and soles of the skin appear red spots papules.

4 rubella

It is caused by rubella virus and presents with low fever, rash (small reddish maculopapular rash, first on the face and then on the neck, then on the trunk and back limbs) and lymph node enlargement behind the ear and occipital.

5 Chicken Pox

Caused by varicella-zoster virus, the main symptoms are fever and the skin and mucous membrane in a batch of red papules, herpes, scab rash.

6 Mumps

It is caused by mumps virus. The main clinical features are non-suppurative inflammation of parotid gland and swollen pain in parotid region.

7 Tuberculosis

Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main symptoms include cough, phlegm, hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea, low afternoon fever, fatigue, night sweats and so on.

What are the sources of respiratory disease infection? What is the difference of the incubation period of different respiratory infections? How to deal with "one old and one young" scientifically?

Autumn and winter are the high incidence seasons of respiratory infectious diseases. Patients and some asymptomatic infected persons are the sources of respiratory infectious diseases. Pathogens that cause respiratory infectious diseases include viruses, bacteria, chlamydia and mycoplasma. The main viruses are influenza virus, novel coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus. Bacteria are bordetella pertussis, cause scarlet fever A group β hemolytic streptococcus and cause epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis Neisseria meningitidis, as well as mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia and so on.

The pathogens that cause different respiratory infectious diseases are different, and the incubation period is also different, that is, the possible duration of illness after contact with the pathogen is different, such as the incubation period of influenza is generally 1-4 days, usually 2 days; The incubation period for pertussis is 7 to 10 days. After exposure to respiratory infectious disease pathogens, not everyone will become ill, depending on the type and infectivity of the infected pathogen, individual immune status, exposure level, personal health status and degree of protection.

Young children and the elderly are the key groups for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases. On the basis of maintaining good personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle, the following protective measures should be strengthened:

First, for vaccine-preventable respiratory infectious diseases, timely vaccination should be carried out in accordance with immunization procedures. Second, in the season of high incidence of respiratory infectious diseases, the elderly and young children should try to avoid going to closed environments and crowded places; When you do need to go, wear a mask scientifically to reduce the risk of infection. Third, strengthen the daily health monitoring of the elderly and young children, fever, cough and other symptoms, according to the situation, timely medical treatment, follow the doctor's advice scientific and safe medication. In the process of medical treatment, patients and accompanying personnel should take good precautions to avoid cross infection. In addition, if there is a respiratory infection in the family member, try to avoid close contact with other members of the family, especially avoid contact with the elderly and children.

Why get a flu shot in fall and winter? Can the flu vaccine protect against both influenza A and B? What are the specific suggestions or tips?

Every year from October to March is the season of high incidence of respiratory diseases such as influenza, and the most effective and economical way to prevent infectious diseases is vaccination. By getting the flu vaccine, you can effectively reduce the risk of infection, illness and severe illness. Usually after 2 to 4 weeks of flu vaccination, antibodies can reach protective levels. The peak time and duration of influenza activity vary in different parts of the country each year, and it is recommended to get the influenza vaccine one month before the influenza season. If vaccination is not completed before the epidemic season, the entire epidemic season can also be vaccinated.

Influenza is mainly caused by different subtypes of influenza A virus and different lineages of influenza B virus circulating alternately around the world. The specific composition of the influenza vaccine is adjusted annually based on global influenza surveillance data and recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO) to ensure good protection against the influenza strains expected to circulate that year. Therefore, vaccination with the current year's influenza vaccine can protect against influenza A and B.

The influenza season is coming soon, and people over the age of 6 months without contraindications should be vaccinated against influenza, especially the elderly, infants, and people with chronic underlying diseases. Whether or not you are vaccinated, if you have flu symptoms, it is recommended to strengthen personal protection, try not to go to crowded public places, stay at home if necessary, and go to work and school without illness.