The human spine is divided from top to bottom into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal vertebrae. Any problem with any of these parts falls under the category of spinal disease. Clinically, degenerative diseases of the spine are very common, including cervical spondylosis, thoracic spinal stenosis, lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spondylolisthesis, lumbar spinal stenosis, etc.
Degenerative diseases of the spine are more common in the elderly. With age, degenerative changes occur in the spine due to overstrain and cause disease. Common symptoms of spinal degenerative diseases include limb pain, numbness, weakness and other motor and sensory abnormalities. Treatment can be divided into conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Currently, conservative treatments are mostly ineffective, and as the disease progresses, surgery may be the only effective form of treatment. After successful completion of surgery, postoperative rehabilitation of patients is also very important.
Postoperative activities should be "stable"
Spinal surgery is like a home remodeling, in which doctors "reconstruct" the patient's spine, enlarging the originally narrow spinal canal and inserting internal fixation parts such as screws. It should be noted that the part of the spine with the "nail" is completely immobile. After surgery, patients must pay attention to avoid excessive activity in this segment. This is so that the screw can grow firmly between the bone and the bone without loosening or shifting.
In the process of postoperative rehabilitation exercise, patients need to strengthen the core strength, that is, the lower back strength in the middle part of the body, to improve the stability of the spine, so that the body becomes more "stable". Specifically, the following matters need to be paid attention to:
Postoperative turn over to be careful during the postoperative bed, patients in the change of position, should pay attention to the head and shoulders and waist, legs to keep in a line, at the same time, the same to turn, like a book to turn the upper body.
When patients get up and lie down, they should also pay attention to avoid excessive curvature or torsion of the spine.
Postoperative rehabilitation training should be scientific
In order to avoid lower limb thrombosis caused by long-term bed rest after surgery, and to exercise lower limb activity ability, patients can perform lower limb functional exercise in bed from the first day after surgery. Common methods include ankle pump exercises and straight leg raises.
Ankle pump patients lie flat on the bed, first slowly hook the foot, then slowly step down, these two movements for 5 to 10 seconds. Patients can adjust according to their tolerance level, and can complete multiple sets of exercises a day.
Straight leg elevation patients lie flat on the bed, hook their feet until they do not move, and then slowly lift one leg and straighten it, holding for 5-10 seconds; Then, alternate between legs. Straight leg raising exercises can be performed five to six times a day for five to 10 minutes each time, and patients can also adjust according to their tolerance.
Patients who have difficulty moving their limbs can take passive activities such as massage. Patients who recover well after surgery and can go to the ground can take walking as the main way of exercise and gradually increase the walking distance.
Three months after surgery, if the patient still has symptoms such as low back muscle weakness and pain, the patient should first go to the orthopaedic clinic for evaluation, according to the doctor's guidance for low back muscle exercise. The main exercise methods are lifting the upper back and flying with one leg.
The patient lies face down on the bed with his arms at his sides and his head, neck, and torso in a horizontal line; Inhale, lift your head and chest 10 to 20 centimeters away from the bed, and hold for 5 seconds. The above is a set of movements, during the movement, inhale and exhale evenly, after the movement can rest for a moment. Patients can repeat this movement 5 to 10 times depending on their physical strength.
The one-legged small yanfei patient faces down on the bed, with his hands placed in front of the waist or head, and the head, neck and torso kept in a horizontal line; Inhale, keep the knee straight, slowly lift one leg 10~15 cm away from the bed, hold for 5 seconds, and then slowly down, after a little rest, do the same movement on the side leg. The above is a group of movements. Patients can repeat the movements 5 to 10 times according to their physical condition. Long-term training, can change the single leg elevation to both legs elevation.
Related: What to watch out for in life
After surgery, in addition to functional rehabilitation exercise, patients should pay attention to the following points in life.
Diet 6 hours after anesthesia, patients can begin to drink a small amount of warm water, milk, soymilk, etc., to avoid abdominal distension. On the morning of the first day after surgery, if the patient's symptoms such as nausea and vomiting are not obvious, he can start to eat liquid food, such as rice soup, thin rice porridge, etc., to promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, from less to more, increase by amount. If there is no discomfort after eating liquid food, patients can gradually transition to a semi-liquid diet, such as thick rice porridge, noodle soup, chicken custard, etc. After the exhaust, if the appetite is OK, the patient can return to the ordinary diet and follow the principle from less to more to avoid overeating.
If the patient has cerebrospinal fluid leakage after surgery and needs to stay in bed for a long time, he/she should take the lateral position during feeding and be assisted by others. Patients can use the elbow straw when drinking water, do not be anxious, so as to avoid choking cough. After discharge, the diet should be light, avoid drinking coffee or strong tea, and do not eat spicy food.
After discharge, the wound should be changed every 3 days. Normally, stitches can be removed two weeks after surgery. After removing stitches, patients should be observed for about 3 days, if the wound healing is good, you can uncover the gauze and take a normal bath.
After discharge, patients should go to the hospital if they have significantly reduced mobility or sensation in their limbs. If there is no abnormal condition, then, within 3 months after surgery, the correct use of the brace, according to the rehabilitation method of exercise. If reexamination reveals no displacement of internal fixation screws or other conditions, the patient may consider removing the brace and gradually resuming normal activities.
